{"id":3371,"date":"2026-08-06T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-08-06T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/futurenews24.com\/index.php\/2026\/08\/06\/s41598-026-63745-z\/"},"modified":"2026-08-06T12:59:09","modified_gmt":"2026-08-06T12:59:09","slug":"s41598-026-63745-z","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/futurenews24.com\/index.php\/2026\/08\/06\/s41598-026-63745-z\/","title":{"rendered":"Piperazine linked chitosan schiff base nanoparticles as a novel antibiofilm and antibacterial technique towards clinically related pathogens"},"content":{"rendered":"


\n<\/p>\n

\n

Ullah, S. et al. Mechanistic insights and therapeutic improvements in engineered nanomaterial-driven disruption of biofilm dynamics. RSC Adv. 15, 23187\u201323222 (2025).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n ADS\u00a0
\n CAS\u00a0
\n PubMed\u00a0
\n PubMed Central\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Sharma, S. et al. Microbial biofilm: A evaluation on formation, an infection, antibiotic resistance, management measures, and modern therapy. Microorganisms 11, 1614 (2023).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n CAS\u00a0
\n PubMed\u00a0
\n PubMed Central\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Liu, J. et al. Persistent enrichment of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella in oral and nasal communities throughout long-term hunger. Microbiome 12, 132 (2024).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n CAS\u00a0
\n PubMed\u00a0
\n PubMed Central\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Hern\u00e1ndez-Jaimes, T. Excessive virulence and multidrug resistance of Escherichia coli remoted in periodontal illness. Microorganisms 11(1), 45 (2023).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Qin, S. et al. Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Pathogenesis, virulence elements, antibiotic resistance, interplay with host, expertise advances and rising therapeutics. Sign. Transduct. Goal. Ther. 7199. (2022).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n CAS\u00a0
\n PubMed\u00a0
\n PubMed Central\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Kim, G.-Y. & Lee, C. H. Antimicrobial susceptibility and pathogenic genes of Staphylococcus aureus remoted from the oral cavity of sufferers with periodontitis. J. Periodontal. Implant Sci. 45, 223\u2013228 (2015).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n CAS\u00a0
\n PubMed\u00a0
\n PubMed Central\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

McCormack, M. G. et al. Staphylococcus aureus\u2009and the oral cavity: An ignored supply of carriage and an infection? Am. J. Infect. Management. 43, 35\u201337 (2015).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n CAS\u00a0
\n PubMed\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Pinheiro, E. T. et al. Microorganisms from canals of root-filled enamel with periapical lesionsAbstractAbstractAbstractAbstract. Int. Endod J. 36, 1\u201311 (2003).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n CAS\u00a0
\n PubMed\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Matange, Ok., Marland, E., Frenkel-Pinter, M. & Williams, L. D. Organic Polymers: Evolution, Perform, and Significance. Acc. Chem. Res. 58, 659\u2013672 (2025).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n ADS\u00a0
\n CAS\u00a0
\n PubMed\u00a0
\n PubMed Central\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Karunanithi, S. & Rajappan, Ok. Biofunctionalized agarose-based biopolymer composites for superior biomedical functions: a evaluation. Polym. Bull. 82, 4835\u20134877 (2025).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n CAS\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Anandam, P., Manogaran, Y. & Ramasamy, P. Sustainable biomaterials: Sepia prashadi cuttlebone derived phosphorylated chitosan for oral healthcare. Bioactive Carbohydr. Weight-reduction plan. Fibre. 34, 100485 (2025).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n CAS\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Meenakshi, S., Monisha, J., Abhinaya, M., Raghunath, N. & Raghavendra Swamy, Ok. N. Chapter 5 – Unlocking the potential of chitosan for dental functions. In Micro and Nano Applied sciences (ed. Kesharwani, P.-A.) 99\u2013122 (Elsevier, 2026). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-443-31392-9.00008-X.<\/p>\n

Chapter\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Ramakrishnan, P. et al. Electrospun nanofibers of collagen and chitosan for tissue engineering and drug supply functions: A evaluation. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 296, 139663 (2025).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n CAS\u00a0
\n PubMed\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Verma, C., Quraishi, M. A., Alfantazi, A. & Rhee, Ok. Y. Corrosion inhibition potential of chitosan primarily based Schiff bases: Design, efficiency and functions. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 184, 135\u2013143 (2021).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n CAS\u00a0
\n PubMed\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Bamisaye, A. 5 – Chitosan composites for wastewater therapy. In Woodhead Publishing in Supplies (ed. Ngadi, N.) 91\u2013118 (Woodhead Publishing, 2025). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-443-33635-5.00013-3.<\/p>\n

Chapter\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Szopa, D., Pstrowska, Ok. & Witek-Krowiak, A. Chitosan-coated alginate matrices with protein-based biostimulants: a controlled-release system for sustainable agriculture. Supplies 18, 591 (2025).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n ADS\u00a0
\n CAS\u00a0
\n PubMed\u00a0
\n PubMed Central\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Zhang, L. et al. Chitosan and its useful derivatives for nutraceutical supply: Deal with quaternized, hydrochloride, and carboxymethyl varieties. Developments Meals Sci. Technol. 164, 105237 (2025).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n CAS\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Gonciarz, W. et al. Chitosan-based formulations for therapeutic functions. A latest overview. J. Biomed. Sci. 3262. (2025).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n CAS\u00a0
\n PubMed\u00a0
\n PubMed Central\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Barakat, A. et al. A novel chitosan-Schiff bases bearing a brand new quinoxaline moiety as an method for potent antimicrobial agent\u202f: Synthesis, characterization and in vitro assessments. Carbohydr. Polym. 352, 123205 (2025).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n CAS\u00a0
\n PubMed\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Biswas, U. Ok., Bose, A., Ghosh, B. & Sharma, S. An perception into chemically modified chitosan and their organic, pharmaceutical, and medical functions: A evaluation. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 303, 140612 (2025).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n CAS\u00a0
\n PubMed\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Yu, Y. et al. Current advances in modifications, biotechnology, and biomedical functions of chitosan-based supplies: A evaluation. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 289, 138772 (2025).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n CAS\u00a0
\n PubMed\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Hamed, A. A., Abdelhamid, I. A., Saad, G. R., Elkady, N. A. & Elsabee, M. Z. Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial exercise of a novel chitosan Schiff bases primarily based on heterocyclic moieties. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 153, 492\u2013501 (2020).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n CAS\u00a0
\n PubMed\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

El Badawy, M. Chemical modification of chitosan: Synthesis and organic exercise of recent heterocyclic chitosan derivatives. Polym. Int. 57, 254\u2013261 (2008).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n CAS\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

El-Naggar, M. M., Haneen, D. S. A., Mehany, A. B. M. & Khalil, M. T. New artificial chitosan hybrids bearing some heterocyclic moieties with potential exercise as anticancer and apoptosis inducers. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 150, 1323\u20131330 (2019).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n PubMed\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

El-Sewedy, A. et al. Antiviral exercise of newly synthesized pyrazole derivatives towards Newcastle illness virus. Sci. Rep. 15, 18745 (2025).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n ADS\u00a0
\n CAS\u00a0
\n PubMed\u00a0
\n PubMed Central\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Morsy, A. R. I. et al. Antiviral exercise of pyrazole derivatives bearing a hydroxyquinoline scaffold towards SARS-CoV-2, HCoV-229E, MERS-CoV, and IBV propagation. RSC Adv. 14, 27935\u201327947 (2024).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n CAS\u00a0
\n PubMed\u00a0
\n PubMed Central\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Germoush, M. O. et al. Rational design of recent thienopyridine heterocycles tethering thiophene moiety as antimicrobial brokers: Synthesis and computational biology examine. J. Mol. Struct. 1342, 142716 (2025).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n CAS\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Sanad, S. M. H. & Mekky, A. E. M. New thieno[2,3-b]pyridine-fused pyrimidin-4(3H)-ones as potential thymidylate synthase inhibitors: Synthesis, SAR, in vitro and in silico examine. J. Mol. Struct. 1282, 135236 (2023).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n CAS\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Abuelhassan, S. et al. Synthesis, photophysical properties, and organic actions of some new thienylpyridines, thienylthieno[2.3-b]pyridines and associated fused heterocyclic compounds. J. Heterocycl. Chem. 60, 458\u2013470 (2023).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n CAS\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Haverkate, N. A., Leung, E., Pilkington, L. I. & Barker, D. Tethered Aryl Teams Improve the Exercise of Anti-Proliferative Thieno[2,3-b]Pyridines by Concentrating on a Lipophilic Area within the Energetic Website of PI-PLC. Pharmaceutics vol. 13 Preprint at (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pharmaceutics13122020 (2021).<\/p>\n

Gharge, S. & Alegaon, S. G. Current research of nitrogen and sulfur containing heterocyclic analogues as novel antidiabetic brokers: A evaluation. Chem. Biodivers. 21, e202301738 (2024).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n CAS\u00a0
\n PubMed\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Kharb, R., Bansal, Ok. & Sharma, A. Ok. A precious perception into latest advances on antimicrobial exercise of piperazine derivatives.. Der. Pharma Chemica. 4, 2470\u20132488 (2012).<\/p>\n

CAS\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Jalageri, M. D., Nagaraja, A. & Puttaiahgowda, Y. M. Piperazine primarily based antimicrobial polymers: A evaluation. RSC Adv. 11, 15213\u201315230 (2021).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n ADS\u00a0
\n CAS\u00a0
\n PubMed\u00a0
\n PubMed Central\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Mohamed, M. F. et al. A sensible and environmentally sustainable method to dye elimination: Synthesis and characterization of a extremely environment friendly crosslinked chitosan-Schiff base adsorbent for Eriochrome Black T elimination. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 308, 142048 (2025).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n CAS\u00a0
\n PubMed\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Omar, R. S., Ragheb, M. A., Elwahy, A. H. M. & Abdelhamid, I. A. Facile one-pot, three-component synthesis of novel fused 4H-pyrans incorporating 2-phenoxy-N-phenylacetamide core as novel hybrid molecules by way of Michael addition response. Arkivoc https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24820\/ark.5550190.p011.690 (2021).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Chethan, P. D., Vishalakshi, B., Sathish, L., Ananda, Ok. & Poojary, B. Preparation of substituted quaternized arylfuran chitosan derivatives and their antimicrobial exercise. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 59, 158\u2013164 (2013).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n CAS\u00a0
\n PubMed\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Ali, S. W., Rajendran, S. & Joshi, M. Synthesis and characterization of chitosan and silver loaded chitosan nanoparticles for bioactive polyester. Carbohydr. Polym. 83, 438\u2013446 (2011).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n CAS\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Izaguirre-Hern\u00e1ndez, I. Y. et al. Non-conjugated Chitosan-based nanoparticles to proteic antigens elicit comparable humoral immune responses to these obtained with alum. J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 17, 846\u2013852 (2017).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n PubMed\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Ali, B. S., Subhapradha, N., Pitchai, A. & Ramasamy, P. Harnessing Nanochitosan from Sepia kobiensis Cuttlebone for Cytotoxicity and Antimicrobial Functions in Dentistry: An In Vitro Examine. Bionanoscience 15, 218 (2025).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Verlee, A., Mincke, S. & Stevens, C. V. Current developments in antibacterial and antifungal chitosan and its derivatives. Carbohydr. Polym. 164, 268\u2013283 (2017).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n CAS\u00a0
\n PubMed\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Abdallah, H. M., Abu Elella, M. H. & Abdel-Aziz, M. M. One-pot inexperienced synthesis of chitosan biguanidine nanoparticles for focusing on M. tuberculosis. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 232, 123394 (2023).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n CAS\u00a0
\n PubMed\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Elgamal, A. M. et al. Biologically lively ionic chitosan Schiff base nanocomposites: Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial exercise towards Helicobacter pylori. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 282, 137321 (2024).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n CAS\u00a0
\n PubMed\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Hamed, A. A., Ali, E. A., Abdelhamid, I. A., Saad, G. R. & Elsabee, M. Z. Synthesis of novel chitosan-Schiff bases nanoparticles for top effectivity Helicobacter pylori inhibition. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 274, 133499 (2024).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n CAS\u00a0
\n PubMed\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Techaoei, S., Jirayuthcharoenkul, C., Jarmkom, Ok., Dumrongphuttidecha, T. & Khobjai, W. Chemical analysis and antibacterial exercise of novel bioactive compounds from endophytic fungi in Nelumbo nucifera. Saudi J. Biol. Sci. 27, 2883\u20132889 (2020).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n CAS\u00a0
\n PubMed\u00a0
\n PubMed Central\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Mohamed, M. F., Mohamed, M. S., Shouman, S. A., Fathi, M. M. & Abdelhamid, I. A. Synthesis and organic analysis of a novel sequence of chalcones integrated pyrazole moiety as anticancer and antimicrobial brokers. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 168, 1153\u20131162 (2012).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n CAS\u00a0
\n PubMed\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Teh, C. H., Nazni, W. A., Nurulhusna, A. H., Norazah, A. & Lee, H. L. Willpower of antibacterial exercise and minimal inhibitory focus of larval extract of fly by way of resazurin-based turbidometric assay. BMC Microbiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12866-017-0936-3 (2017).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n PubMed\u00a0
\n PubMed Central\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Knobloch, J.-M., Horstkotte, M. A., Rohde, H. & Mack, D. Analysis of various detection strategies of biofilm formation in Staphylococcus aureus. Med. Microbiol. Immunol. 191, 101\u2013106 (2002).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n CAS\u00a0
\n PubMed\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Jain, Ok., Parida, S., Mangwani, N., Sprint, H. R. & Das, S. Isolation and characterization of biofilm-forming micro organism and related extracellular polymeric substances from oral cavity. Ann. Microbiol. 63, 1553\u20131562 (2013).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n CAS\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Salem, S. H. et al. The antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and wound therapeutic properties of ethyl acetate crude extract of an endophytic fungus Paecilomyces sp. (AUMC 15510) in earthworm mannequin. Sci. Rep. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-022-23831-4 (2022).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n PubMed\u00a0
\n PubMed Central\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Amato, A. et al. NAFLD and Atherosclerosis Are Prevented by a Pure Dietary Complement Containing Curcumin, Silymarin, Guggul, Chlorogenic Acid and Inulin in Mice Fed a Excessive-Fats Weight-reduction plan. Vitamins 9, 492 (2017).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n PubMed\u00a0
\n PubMed Central\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Morris, G. M. et al. AutoDock4 and AutoDockTools4: Automated docking with selective receptor flexibility. J. Comput. Chem. 30, 2785\u20132791 (2009).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n ADS\u00a0
\n CAS\u00a0
\n PubMed\u00a0
\n PubMed Central\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Liu, Y. et al. CB-Dock2: Improved protein\u2013ligand blind docking by integrating cavity detection, docking and homologous template becoming. Nucleic Acids Res. 50, W159\u2013W164 (2022).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n CAS\u00a0
\n PubMed\u00a0
\n PubMed Central\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Trott, O. & Olson, A. J. AutoDock Vina: bettering the pace and accuracy of docking with a brand new scoring perform, environment friendly optimization, and multithreading. J. Comput. Chem. 31, 455\u2013461 (2010).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n ADS\u00a0
\n CAS\u00a0
\n PubMed\u00a0
\n PubMed Central\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Dong, J. et al. Fraxetin Concentrating on to Sortase A Decreases the Pathogenicity of Streptococcus agalactiae to Nile Tilapia. Animals 14, 1337 (2024).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n PubMed\u00a0
\n PubMed Central\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Hanwell, M. D. et al. Avogadro: a sophisticated semantic chemical editor, visualization, and evaluation platform. J. Cheminform. 4, 1\u201317 (2012).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Bincy Child, B. B., Ravisankar, V., Nair, L. S. & Nazeem, P. A. Inhibition of mycobacterial glycosyltransferases with phytocompounds-an in-silico method. (2016).<\/p>\n

Fakih, T. M. & Dewi, M. L. Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein as The Key Goal within the Growth of Antiviral Candidates for COVID-19 by way of Computational Examine. J. Trop. Pharm. Chem. 5, 347\u2013352 (2021).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Salem, N. et al. Analysis of antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant actions of safflower pure dyes throughout flowering. Biomed. Res. Int. 762397 2014 (2014).<\/p>\n

Barbosa, H. F. G., Attjioui, M., Ferreira, A. P. G., Moerschbacher, B. M. & Cavalheiro, \u00c9. T. G. New sequence of metallic complexes by amphiphilic biopolymeric Schiff bases from modified chitosans: Preparation, characterization and impact of molecular weight on its organic functions. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 145, 417\u2013428 (2020).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n CAS\u00a0
\n PubMed\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Kocira, A. et al. Polysaccharides as edible movies and coatings: Traits and affect on fruit and vegetable high quality\u2014a evaluation. Agronomy 11, 1\u201338 (2021).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Vijayalakshmi, Ok., Gomathi, T. & Sudha, P. N. Preparation and characterization of nanochitosan\/sodium alginate\/microcrystalline cellulose beads. Pharm. Lett. 6, 65\u201377 (2014).<\/p>\n

\n Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Baytas, S. N., Inceler, N. & Yilmaz, A. Synthesis, cytotoxicity, and molecular properties prediction of novel 1,3-diarylpyrazole derivatives. Med. Chem. Res. 22, 4893\u20134908 (2013).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n CAS\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Ibrahim, N. S., Sroor, F. M., Mahrous, Ok. F., Abd Elaleem, J. A. & Abdelhamid, I. A. Cytotoxic Impact of New (E)-2-Cyano-N-(tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophen-2-yl)acrylamide Derivatives: Down-Regulation of RBL2 and STAT2 and Triggering of DNA Injury in Breast Carcinoma. ChemistrySelect 8, 1\u201310 (2023).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Menaka, R. & Subhashini, S. Chitosan Schiff base as efficient corrosion inhibitor for delicate metal in acid medium. Polym. Int. 66, 349\u2013358 (2017).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n CAS\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Fares, I. M. Z. et al. Synthesis, molecular docking simulation, and antimicrobial actions of novel bis-heterocycles linked to piperazine and vanillin models as novel hybrid molecules by way of Hantzsch, Biginelli, and Michael\u2019s reactions. Outcomes Chem. 10, 101684 (2024).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n CAS\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Yaisamlee, R., Ali, F. M., Mohamedali, M. & Ibrahim, H. Analysis of piperazine\/MIL-101 sorbents for enhanced low-temperature CO2 elimination. J. Porous Mater. 31, 237\u2013249 (2024).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n CAS\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Soliman, M. M. et al. Synthesis and antimicrobial analysis of a brand new hybrid bis-cyanoacrylamide-based-piperazine containing sulphamethoxazole moiety towards rheumatoid arthritis-associated pathogens. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol. 398, 8587\u20138617 (2025).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n CAS\u00a0
\n PubMed\u00a0
\n PubMed Central\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Dudhani, A. R. & Kosaraju, S. L. Bioadhesive chitosan nanoparticles: Preparation and characterization. Carbohydr. Polym. 81, 243\u2013251 (2010).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n CAS\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Mensah, E. O., Bulya, E. T., Minin, A. S. & Mironov, M. A. Submicron polymer particles loaded with piperine: Preparation from fucoidan and analysis of morphology, launch profile, and antioxidant exercise. Meals Hydrocoll. 145, 109147 (2023).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n CAS\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Zhang, J. et al. Focused most cancers therapy utilizing folic acid-functionalized carbohydrate polymers: A brand new period in nanomedicine. Ind. Crops Prod. 235, 121704 (2025).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n CAS\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Aguayo, P. R. et al. Antimicrobial and antibiofilm capability of chitosan nanoparticles towards wild kind pressure of Pseudomonas sp. remoted from milk of cows identified with bovine mastitis. Antibiotics 9, 551 (2020).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n CAS\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Nair, R. S., Morris, A., Billa, N. & Leong, C.-O. An analysis of curcumin-encapsulated chitosan nanoparticles for transdermal supply. AAPS PharmSciTech 20, 69 (2019).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n CAS\u00a0
\n PubMed\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Ali, M. et al. New potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 and anti-cancer therapies of chitosan derivatives and its nanoparticles: Preparation and characterization. Arab. J. Chem. 16, 104676 (2023).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n CAS\u00a0
\n PubMed\u00a0
\n PubMed Central\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Hirai, A., Odani, H. & Nakajima, A. Willpower of diploma of deacetylation of chitosan by 1H NMR spectroscopy. Polym. Bull. 26, 87\u201394 (1991).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n CAS\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Tamer, T. M. et al. Synthesis and physicochemical properties of an fragrant chitosan spinoff: In vitro antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer evaluations, and in silico research. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 240, 124339 (2023).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n CAS\u00a0
\n PubMed\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Lavertu, M. et al. A validated 1H NMR methodology for the willpower of the diploma of deacetylation of chitosan. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 32, 1149\u20131158 (2003).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n CAS\u00a0
\n PubMed\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Elhag, M. et al. One pot synthesis of recent cross-linked chitosan-Schiff\u2019 base: Characterization, and anti-proliferative actions. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 184, 558\u2013565 (2021).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n CAS\u00a0
\n PubMed\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

El-Gharably, A. A., Kenawy, E. S., Safaan, A. A., Aboamna, S. A. & Mahmoud, Y. A. G. Synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial and anticancer analysis of N-aryl aminochitosan. Polym. Bull. 79, 9925\u20139939 (2022).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n CAS\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Anush, S. M., Vishalakshi, B., Kalluraya, B. & Manju, N. Synthesis of pyrazole-based Schiff bases of chitosan: Analysis of antimicrobial exercise. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 119, 446\u2013452 (2018).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n CAS\u00a0
\n PubMed\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Sroor, F. M. et al. In silico and in vitro research of novel cyanoacrylamides incorporating pyrazole moiety towards breast and prostate carcinomas. Med. Chem. Res. 32, 1190\u20131203 (2023).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n CAS\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Ragheb, M. A. et al. Folic acid-modified chitosan nanoparticles for focused supply of a binuclear Co(II) complicated in most cancers remedy. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 311, 144034 (2025).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n CAS\u00a0
\n PubMed\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

dos Santos, J. E., Dockal, E. R. & Cavalheiro, \u00c9. T. G. Synthesis and characterization of Schiff bases from chitosan and salicylaldehyde derivatives. Carbohydr. Polym. 60, 277\u2013282 (2005).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Khan, A. M., Abid, O. U. R. & Mir, S. Evaluation of organic actions of chitosan Schiff base tagged with medicinal crops. Biopolymers 111, e23338 (2020).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n CAS\u00a0
\n PubMed\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Hamed, A. A. et al. Chitosan Schiff bases\/AgNPs: Synthesis, characterization, antibiofilm and preliminary anti-schistosomal exercise research. Polym. Bull. 79, 11259\u201311284 (2022).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n CAS\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Ragheb, M. A. et al. New isatin-chitosan Schiff base hybrids: Tri-functional bioactives for antimicrobial, anticancer, and antioxidant therapies supported by in silico docking and ADMET research. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 331, 148298 (2025).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n CAS\u00a0
\n PubMed\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Chavez-Esquivel, G. et al. Antimicrobial and antifungal edible coatings with ZnO nanoparticles dispersed in a chitosan-guar gum matrix for hass avocado preservation. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 308, 142467 (2025).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n CAS\u00a0
\n PubMed\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Li, Z. et al. Preparation and characterization of iturin A\/chitosan microcapsules and their software in post-harvest grape preservation. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 275, 134086 (2024).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n CAS\u00a0
\n PubMed\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Saberi-Zare, M. & Bodaghifard, M. A. A Schiff base-functionalized chitosan magnetic bio-nanocomposite for environment friendly elimination of Pb (II) and Cd (II) ions from aqueous options. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 296, 139794 (2025).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n CAS\u00a0
\n PubMed\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Pan, J. et al. Synthesis and characterization of chitosan Schiff base grafted with formaldehyde and aminoethanol: As an efficient adsorbent for elimination of Pb(II), Hg(II), and Cu(II) ions from aqueous media. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 281, 135601 (2024).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n CAS\u00a0
\n PubMed\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Ibrahim, A. G. et al. Synthesis and characterization of chitosan Schiff bases conjugated with chalcones for enhanced organic functions. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 321, 146544 (2025).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n CAS\u00a0
\n PubMed\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Hamed, A. A. et al. Chitosan Schiff bases-based polyelectrolyte complexes with graphene quantum dots and their potential biomedical functions. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 208, 1029\u20131045 (2022).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n CAS\u00a0
\n PubMed\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Hajji, S., Hamdi, M., Boufi, S., Li, S. & Nasri, M. Suitability of chitosan nanoparticles as cryoprotectant on shelf lifetime of restructured fish surimi throughout chilled storage. Cellulose 26, 6825\u20136847 (2019).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n CAS\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Xu, Y. & Du, Y. Impact of molecular construction of chitosan on protein supply properties of chitosan nanoparticles. Int. J. Pharm. 250, 215\u2013226 (2003).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n CAS\u00a0
\n PubMed\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Rodrigues, S., Costa, A. M. R. D. & Grenha, A. Chitosan\/carrageenan nanoparticles: Impact of cross-linking with tripolyphosphate and cost ratios. Carbohydr. Polym. 89, 282\u2013289 (2012).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n CAS\u00a0
\n PubMed\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Yang, S. C. et al. Dynamic mild scattering-based methodology to find out main particle dimension of iron oxide nanoparticles in simulated gastrointestinal fluid. Meals Chem. 161, 185\u2013191 (2014).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n ADS\u00a0
\n CAS\u00a0
\n PubMed\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Filippov, S. Ok. et al. Dynamic mild scattering and transmission electron microscopy in drug supply: A roadmap for proper characterization of nanoparticles and interpretation of outcomes. Mater. Horiz. 10, 5354\u20135370 (2023).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n CAS\u00a0
\n PubMed\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Clogston, J. D. & Patri, A. Ok. Zeta potential measurement. In Characterization of nanoparticles meant for drug supply 63\u201370 (Springer, 2010).<\/p>\n

\n Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Amani, A. M. et al. Organic actions of chitosan-schiff base-metal (Ag and Zn) nanocomposites. Outcomes Chem 102717 (2025).<\/p>\n

Hu, R., Zheng, H., Cao, J., Davoudi, Z. & Wang, Q. Synthesis and in vitro characterization of carboxymethyl chitosan-CBA-doxorubicin conjugate nanoparticles as pH-sensitive drug supply programs. J. Biomed. Nanotechnol. 13, 1097\u20131105 (2017).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n CAS\u00a0
\n PubMed\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Yang, F. H. et al. Bioavailability enhancement of paclitaxel by way of a novel oral drug supply system: Paclitaxel-loaded glycyrrhizic acid micelles. Molecules 20, 4337\u20134356 (2015).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n CAS\u00a0
\n PubMed\u00a0
\n PubMed Central\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Mary, Y. S. et al. DFT, molecular docking and SERS (focus and solvent dependant) investigations of a methylisoxazole spinoff with potential antimicrobial exercise. J. Mol. Struct. 1232, 130034 (2021).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Hassan, M. A., Omer, A. M., Abbas, E., Baset, W. M. A. & Tamer, T. M. Preparation, physicochemical characterization and antimicrobial actions of novel two phenolic chitosan Schiff base derivatives. Sci. Rep. 8, 11416 (2018).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n ADS\u00a0
\n PubMed\u00a0
\n PubMed Central\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

\u00c7elik\u00e7i, N., Z\u0131ba, C. A. & T\u00fcmer, M. Chitosan-Primarily based Schiff Base Compounds: Synthesis, Chemical Characterization and Antibacterial Properties. J. Fluoresc. 35, 10063\u201310073 (2025).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n PubMed\u00a0
\n PubMed Central\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

B\u0105chor, U., Junka, A., Bro\u017cyna, M. & M\u0105czy\u0144ski, M. The In Vitro Impression of Isoxazole Derivatives on Pathogenic Biofilm and Cytotoxicity of Fibroblast Cell Line. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 24, 2997 (2023).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n PubMed\u00a0
\n PubMed Central\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Abu Mohsen, U. Synthesis and Antimicrobial Exercise of Some Piperazine Dithiocarbamate Derivatives. Turk. J. Pharm. Sci. 11, 354\u2013347 (2014).<\/p>\n

\n Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Agre, N. et al. Exploration of 5-(5\u2010nitrothiophen\u20102\u2010yl)\u20104,5\u2010dihydro\u20101H\u2010pyrazoles as selective, multitargeted antimycobacterial brokers. Chem. Biol. Drug Des. 95, 192\u2013199 (2020).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n CAS\u00a0
\n PubMed\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Essa, E. E. et al. The Antibacterial Exercise of Egyptian Wasp Chitosan-Primarily based Nanoparticles towards Essential Antibiotic-Resistant Pathogens. Molecules 27, 7189 (2022).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n CAS\u00a0
\n PubMed\u00a0
\n PubMed Central\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Chandrasekaran, M., Kim, Ok. & Chun, S. Antibacterial Exercise of Chitosan Nanoparticles: A Evaluation. Processes 8, 1173 (2020).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n CAS\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Sobhani, Z., Mohammadi Samani, S., Montaseri, H. & Khezri, E. Nanoparticles of Chitosan Loaded Ciprofloxacin: Fabrication and Antimicrobial Exercise. Adv. Pharm. Bull. 7, 427\u2013432 (2017).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n CAS\u00a0
\n PubMed\u00a0
\n PubMed Central\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Jin, T., Liu, T., Lam, E. & Moores, A. Chitin and chitosan on the nanoscale. Nanoscale Horiz. 6, 505\u2013542 (2021).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n ADS\u00a0
\n CAS\u00a0
\n PubMed\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Abdelraheem, W., Abdelraheem, s & Zaki, S. Phenotypic and genotypic detection of biofilm formation and methicillin resistance amongst Staphylococcus aureus isolates. Microbes Infect. Dis. 0, 0\u20130 (2021).<\/p>\n

\n Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Anan, M., Abu-El-Azayem, A. & Elkashef, S. Comparability of two invitro phenotypic strategies (Tissue Tradition plate and Congo Pink Agar) for Detection of Biofilm Formation by Enterococci. Egypt. J. Med. Microbiol. 33, 0\u20130 (2024).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Elawady, R., Aboulela, A. G., Gaballah, A., Ghazal, A. A. & Amer, A. N. Antimicrobial sub-MIC induces Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation with out affecting the bacterial depend. BMC Infect. Dis. 24, 1065 (2024).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n CAS\u00a0
\n PubMed\u00a0
\n PubMed Central\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Godoy, C. A. et al. Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Exercise of Chitosan Nanoparticles Towards Staphylococcus aureus Strains Remoted from Bovine Mastitis Milk. Pharmaceutics 17, 186 (2025).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n CAS\u00a0
\n PubMed\u00a0
\n PubMed Central\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Fattah, R. A. F. A., Fathy, F., Mohamed, T. A. H. & Elsayed, M. S. Impact of chitosan nanoparticles on quorum sensing-controlled virulence elements and expression of LasI and RhlI genes amongst Pseudomonas aeruginosa scientific isolates. AIMS Microbiol. 7, 415\u2013430 (2021).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n CAS\u00a0
\n PubMed\u00a0
\n PubMed Central\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Nag, M. et al. Functionalized chitosan nanomaterials: A jammer for quorum sensing. Polymers 13, 2533 (2021).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n CAS\u00a0
\n PubMed\u00a0
\n PubMed Central\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Rabea, E. I., Badawy, M.-T., Stevens, C. V., Smagghe, G. & Steurbaut, W. Chitosan as antimicrobial agent: Functions and mode of motion. Biomacromolecules 4, 1457\u20131465 (2003).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n CAS\u00a0
\n PubMed\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Kong, M., Chen, X. G., Xing, Ok. & Park, H. J. Antimicrobial properties of chitosan and mode of motion: A state-of-the-art evaluation. Int. J. Meals Microbiol. 144, 51\u201363 (2010).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n CAS\u00a0
\n PubMed\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Larena, I., De Cal, A. & Melgarejo, P. Strong substrate manufacturing of Epicoccum nigrum conidia for organic management of brown rot on stone fruits. Int. J. Meals Microbiol. 94, 161\u2013167 (2004).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n CAS\u00a0
\n PubMed\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Mazmanian, S. Ok., Liu, G., Ton-That, H. & Schneewind, O. Staphylococcus aureus sortase, an enzyme that anchors floor proteins to the cell wall. Science 285, 760\u2013763 (1979).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n ADS\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Zhu, S. et al. Vibrational evaluation and formation mechanism of typical deep eutectic solvents: An experimental and theoretical examine. J. Mol. Graph Mannequin. 68, 158\u2013175 (2016).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n CAS\u00a0
\n PubMed\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Zong, Y., Bice, T. W., Ton-That, H., Schneewind, O. & Narayana, S. V. L. Crystal Constructions of Staphylococcus aureus Sortase A and Its Substrate Advanced. J. Biol. Chem. 279, 31383\u201331389 (2004).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n CAS\u00a0
\n PubMed\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Ilangovan, U., Ton-That, H., Iwahara, J., Schneewind, O. & Clubb, R. T. Construction of sortase, the transpeptidase that anchors proteins to the cell wall of Staphylococcus aureus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 98, 6056\u20136061 (2001).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n ADS\u00a0
\n CAS\u00a0
\n PubMed\u00a0
\n PubMed Central\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Schneewind, O. & Missiakas, D. Sortases, floor proteins, and their roles in Staphylococcus aureus illness and vaccine improvement. Microbiol. Spectr. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/microbiolspec.PSIB-0004-2018 (2019).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n PubMed\u00a0
\n PubMed Central\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Suree, N. et al. The Construction of the Staphylococcus aureus Sortase-Substrate Advanced Reveals How the Universally Conserved LPXTG Sorting Sign Is Acknowledged. J. Biol. Chem. 284, 24465\u201324477 (2009).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n CAS\u00a0
\n PubMed\u00a0
\n PubMed Central\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

S, N. P. H. et al. Design, synthesis, and anti-bacterial actions of piperazine primarily based phthalimide derivatives towards superbug-MRSA. Preprint at https:\/\/doi.org\/ (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21203\/rs.3.rs-1574463\/v1<\/p>\n

Ouyang, J. et al. Antibacterial exercise of carboxymethyl chitosan dialdehyde starch schiff base and its metallic complicated. Starch – St\u00e4rke https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/star.202200121 (2023).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Xu, J. X. et al. Preparation, characterization and antibacterial exercise of chitosan Schiffbases. Adv. Mater. Res. 287\u2013290, 1947\u20131951 (2011).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Youssef Moustafa, A. M. et al. Synthesis of recent quaternized chitosan Schiff bases and their N-alkyl derivatives as antimicrobial and anti-biofilm retardants in membrane expertise. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 267, 131635 (2024).<\/p>\n

Article\u00a0
\n CAS\u00a0
\n PubMed\u00a0<\/p>\n

Google Scholar\u00a0\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n


\n
Source link <\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ullah, S. et al. Mechanistic insights and therapeutic improvements in engineered nanomaterial-driven disruption of biofilm dynamics. RSC Adv. 15, 23187\u201323222 (2025). Article\u00a0 ADS\u00a0 CAS\u00a0 PubMed\u00a0 PubMed Central\u00a0 Google Scholar\u00a0 Sharma, S. et al. Microbial biofilm: A evaluation on formation, an infection, antibiotic resistance, management measures, and modern therapy. Microorganisms 11, 1614 (2023). Article\u00a0 CAS\u00a0 PubMed\u00a0 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3373,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"fifu_image_url":"https:\/\/media.springernature.com\/m685\/springer-static\/image\/art%3A10.1038%2Fs41598-026-63745-z\/MediaObjects\/41598_2026_63745_Fig1_HTML.png","fifu_image_alt":"","jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":[],"jnews_primary_category":[],"jnews_override_bookmark_settings":[],"jnews_social_meta":[],"jnews_override_counter":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[1694,3758,799,2599,3759,1720,2600,3761,3756,3760,3757,28],"class_list":["post-3371","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-biotechnology","tag-antibacterial","tag-antibiofilm","tag-base","tag-chitosan","tag-clinically","tag-linked","tag-nanoparticles","tag-pathogens","tag-piperazine","tag-relevant","tag-schiff","tag-strategy"],"yoast_head":"\nPiperazine linked chitosan schiff base nanoparticles as a novel antibiofilm and antibacterial technique towards clinically related pathogens - Future News 24<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The development of multifunctional antimicrobial materials capable of targeting both planktonic bacteria and biofilm-associated infections remains a critical challenge in combating antimicrobial resistance. In this study, a novel piperazine-linked chitosan Schiff base (Cs-TPA-PiP) and its ionically crosslinked nanoparticle formulation (Cs-TPA-PiP NPs) were synthesized and structurally characterized. The antimicrobial potential of both Cs-TPA-PiP and Cs-TPA-PiP NPs was evaluated against a panel of nine standard clinically significant bacterial strains. The compounds demonstrated significant and broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values demonstrated potent efficacy, with Cs-TPA-PiP and its Cs-TPA-PiP NPs ranging from 0.63 to 2.50&nbsp;mg\/mL and 1.00–5.00&nbsp;mg\/mL, respectively. Notably, both agents exhibited a strong dose-dependent inhibitory effect on biofilm formation. While Cs-TPA-PiP showed lower MIC values against planktonic cells, the corresponding Cs-TPA-PiP NPs with an ultra-small spherical size of 15.6&nbsp;nm exhibited superior antibiofilm performance, ranging from 73.00% to 95.00% inhibition of biofilm biomass at 1× MIC in strong biofilm-producing strains. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed severe morphological alterations and membrane disruption in treated bacterial cells, consistent with a membrane-targeting mechanism. In silico molecular docking studies suggested that the compound has favorable binding affinity for the critical bacterial cell wall target, Sortase A, thereby identifying it as a potential theoretical target requiring further validation. Our findings collectively establish Cs-TPA-PiP and its Cs-TPA-PiP NPs as effective antibacterial and anti-biofilm candidates, with their activity primarily attributed to membrane disruption. The proposed role of Sortase A inhibition remains hypothetical and warrants further investigation. These findings highlight their potential as multifunctional antibacterial platforms for managing biofilm-associated and resistant bacterial infections.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/futurenews24.com\/index.php\/2026\/08\/06\/s41598-026-63745-z\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Piperazine linked chitosan schiff base nanoparticles as a novel antibiofilm and antibacterial technique towards clinically related pathogens - Future News 24\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The development of multifunctional antimicrobial materials capable of targeting both planktonic bacteria and biofilm-associated infections remains a critical challenge in combating antimicrobial resistance. In this study, a novel piperazine-linked chitosan Schiff base (Cs-TPA-PiP) and its ionically crosslinked nanoparticle formulation (Cs-TPA-PiP NPs) were synthesized and structurally characterized. The antimicrobial potential of both Cs-TPA-PiP and Cs-TPA-PiP NPs was evaluated against a panel of nine standard clinically significant bacterial strains. The compounds demonstrated significant and broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values demonstrated potent efficacy, with Cs-TPA-PiP and its Cs-TPA-PiP NPs ranging from 0.63 to 2.50&nbsp;mg\/mL and 1.00–5.00&nbsp;mg\/mL, respectively. Notably, both agents exhibited a strong dose-dependent inhibitory effect on biofilm formation. While Cs-TPA-PiP showed lower MIC values against planktonic cells, the corresponding Cs-TPA-PiP NPs with an ultra-small spherical size of 15.6&nbsp;nm exhibited superior antibiofilm performance, ranging from 73.00% to 95.00% inhibition of biofilm biomass at 1× MIC in strong biofilm-producing strains. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed severe morphological alterations and membrane disruption in treated bacterial cells, consistent with a membrane-targeting mechanism. In silico molecular docking studies suggested that the compound has favorable binding affinity for the critical bacterial cell wall target, Sortase A, thereby identifying it as a potential theoretical target requiring further validation. Our findings collectively establish Cs-TPA-PiP and its Cs-TPA-PiP NPs as effective antibacterial and anti-biofilm candidates, with their activity primarily attributed to membrane disruption. The proposed role of Sortase A inhibition remains hypothetical and warrants further investigation. These findings highlight their potential as multifunctional antibacterial platforms for managing biofilm-associated and resistant bacterial infections.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/futurenews24.com\/index.php\/2026\/08\/06\/s41598-026-63745-z\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Future News 24\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-08-06T00:00:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-08-06T12:59:09+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/media.springernature.com\/m685\/springer-static\/image\/art%3A10.1038%2Fs41598-026-63745-z\/MediaObjects\/41598_2026_63745_Fig1_HTML.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Future News 24\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:image\" content=\"https:\/\/media.springernature.com\/m685\/springer-static\/image\/art%3A10.1038%2Fs41598-026-63745-z\/MediaObjects\/41598_2026_63745_Fig1_HTML.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Future News 24\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"20 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/futurenews24.com\\\/index.php\\\/2026\\\/08\\\/06\\\/s41598-026-63745-z\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/futurenews24.com\\\/index.php\\\/2026\\\/08\\\/06\\\/s41598-026-63745-z\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Future News 24\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/futurenews24.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/cecad1bde21cfc357cf70128144d6c83\"},\"headline\":\"Piperazine linked chitosan schiff base nanoparticles as a novel antibiofilm and antibacterial technique towards clinically related pathogens\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-08-06T00:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-08-06T12:59:09+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/futurenews24.com\\\/index.php\\\/2026\\\/08\\\/06\\\/s41598-026-63745-z\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":3927,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/futurenews24.com\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/futurenews24.com\\\/index.php\\\/2026\\\/08\\\/06\\\/s41598-026-63745-z\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/media.springernature.com\\\/m685\\\/springer-static\\\/image\\\/art%3A10.1038%2Fs41598-026-63745-z\\\/MediaObjects\\\/41598_2026_63745_Fig1_HTML.png\",\"keywords\":[\"antibacterial\",\"antibiofilm\",\"Base\",\"chitosan\",\"clinically\",\"Linked\",\"nanoparticles\",\"pathogens\",\"Piperazine\",\"relevant\",\"schiff\",\"Strategy\"],\"articleSection\":[\"BioTechnology\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/futurenews24.com\\\/index.php\\\/2026\\\/08\\\/06\\\/s41598-026-63745-z\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/futurenews24.com\\\/index.php\\\/2026\\\/08\\\/06\\\/s41598-026-63745-z\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/futurenews24.com\\\/index.php\\\/2026\\\/08\\\/06\\\/s41598-026-63745-z\\\/\",\"name\":\"Piperazine linked chitosan schiff base nanoparticles as a novel antibiofilm and antibacterial technique towards clinically related pathogens - Future News 24\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/futurenews24.com\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/futurenews24.com\\\/index.php\\\/2026\\\/08\\\/06\\\/s41598-026-63745-z\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/futurenews24.com\\\/index.php\\\/2026\\\/08\\\/06\\\/s41598-026-63745-z\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/media.springernature.com\\\/m685\\\/springer-static\\\/image\\\/art%3A10.1038%2Fs41598-026-63745-z\\\/MediaObjects\\\/41598_2026_63745_Fig1_HTML.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-08-06T00:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-08-06T12:59:09+00:00\",\"description\":\"The development of multifunctional antimicrobial materials capable of targeting both planktonic bacteria and biofilm-associated infections remains a critical challenge in combating antimicrobial resistance. In this study, a novel piperazine-linked chitosan Schiff base (Cs-TPA-PiP) and its ionically crosslinked nanoparticle formulation (Cs-TPA-PiP NPs) were synthesized and structurally characterized. The antimicrobial potential of both Cs-TPA-PiP and Cs-TPA-PiP NPs was evaluated against a panel of nine standard clinically significant bacterial strains. The compounds demonstrated significant and broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values demonstrated potent efficacy, with Cs-TPA-PiP and its Cs-TPA-PiP NPs ranging from 0.63 to 2.50&nbsp;mg\\\/mL and 1.00–5.00&nbsp;mg\\\/mL, respectively. Notably, both agents exhibited a strong dose-dependent inhibitory effect on biofilm formation. While Cs-TPA-PiP showed lower MIC values against planktonic cells, the corresponding Cs-TPA-PiP NPs with an ultra-small spherical size of 15.6&nbsp;nm exhibited superior antibiofilm performance, ranging from 73.00% to 95.00% inhibition of biofilm biomass at 1× MIC in strong biofilm-producing strains. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed severe morphological alterations and membrane disruption in treated bacterial cells, consistent with a membrane-targeting mechanism. In silico molecular docking studies suggested that the compound has favorable binding affinity for the critical bacterial cell wall target, Sortase A, thereby identifying it as a potential theoretical target requiring further validation. Our findings collectively establish Cs-TPA-PiP and its Cs-TPA-PiP NPs as effective antibacterial and anti-biofilm candidates, with their activity primarily attributed to membrane disruption. The proposed role of Sortase A inhibition remains hypothetical and warrants further investigation. These findings highlight their potential as multifunctional antibacterial platforms for managing biofilm-associated and resistant bacterial infections.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/futurenews24.com\\\/index.php\\\/2026\\\/08\\\/06\\\/s41598-026-63745-z\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/futurenews24.com\\\/index.php\\\/2026\\\/08\\\/06\\\/s41598-026-63745-z\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/futurenews24.com\\\/index.php\\\/2026\\\/08\\\/06\\\/s41598-026-63745-z\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/media.springernature.com\\\/m685\\\/springer-static\\\/image\\\/art%3A10.1038%2Fs41598-026-63745-z\\\/MediaObjects\\\/41598_2026_63745_Fig1_HTML.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/media.springernature.com\\\/m685\\\/springer-static\\\/image\\\/art%3A10.1038%2Fs41598-026-63745-z\\\/MediaObjects\\\/41598_2026_63745_Fig1_HTML.png\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/futurenews24.com\\\/index.php\\\/2026\\\/08\\\/06\\\/s41598-026-63745-z\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/futurenews24.com\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Piperazine linked chitosan schiff base nanoparticles as a novel antibiofilm and antibacterial technique towards clinically related pathogens\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/futurenews24.com\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/futurenews24.com\\\/\",\"name\":\"Future News 24\",\"description\":\"The Smart Hub for AI and Next-Gen Innovation\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/futurenews24.com\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/futurenews24.com\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/futurenews24.com\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Future News 24\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/futurenews24.com\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/futurenews24.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/futurenews24.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/06\\\/fn24-favicon.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/futurenews24.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/06\\\/fn24-favicon.png\",\"width\":250,\"height\":250,\"caption\":\"Future News 24\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/futurenews24.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"}},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/futurenews24.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/cecad1bde21cfc357cf70128144d6c83\",\"name\":\"Future News 24\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/d57f07142d73cb5503ab2446ea7bc9ef3d0a5ba378d64a6157692311e42bf097?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/d57f07142d73cb5503ab2446ea7bc9ef3d0a5ba378d64a6157692311e42bf097?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/d57f07142d73cb5503ab2446ea7bc9ef3d0a5ba378d64a6157692311e42bf097?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Future News 24\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/futurenews24.com\"],\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/futurenews24.com\\\/index.php\\\/author\\\/mridulpahuja20\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Piperazine linked chitosan schiff base nanoparticles as a novel antibiofilm and antibacterial technique towards clinically related pathogens - Future News 24","description":"The development of multifunctional antimicrobial materials capable of targeting both planktonic bacteria and biofilm-associated infections remains a critical challenge in combating antimicrobial resistance. In this study, a novel piperazine-linked chitosan Schiff base (Cs-TPA-PiP) and its ionically crosslinked nanoparticle formulation (Cs-TPA-PiP NPs) were synthesized and structurally characterized. The antimicrobial potential of both Cs-TPA-PiP and Cs-TPA-PiP NPs was evaluated against a panel of nine standard clinically significant bacterial strains. The compounds demonstrated significant and broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values demonstrated potent efficacy, with Cs-TPA-PiP and its Cs-TPA-PiP NPs ranging from 0.63 to 2.50&nbsp;mg\/mL and 1.00–5.00&nbsp;mg\/mL, respectively. Notably, both agents exhibited a strong dose-dependent inhibitory effect on biofilm formation. While Cs-TPA-PiP showed lower MIC values against planktonic cells, the corresponding Cs-TPA-PiP NPs with an ultra-small spherical size of 15.6&nbsp;nm exhibited superior antibiofilm performance, ranging from 73.00% to 95.00% inhibition of biofilm biomass at 1× MIC in strong biofilm-producing strains. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed severe morphological alterations and membrane disruption in treated bacterial cells, consistent with a membrane-targeting mechanism. In silico molecular docking studies suggested that the compound has favorable binding affinity for the critical bacterial cell wall target, Sortase A, thereby identifying it as a potential theoretical target requiring further validation. Our findings collectively establish Cs-TPA-PiP and its Cs-TPA-PiP NPs as effective antibacterial and anti-biofilm candidates, with their activity primarily attributed to membrane disruption. The proposed role of Sortase A inhibition remains hypothetical and warrants further investigation. These findings highlight their potential as multifunctional antibacterial platforms for managing biofilm-associated and resistant bacterial infections.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/futurenews24.com\/index.php\/2026\/08\/06\/s41598-026-63745-z\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Piperazine linked chitosan schiff base nanoparticles as a novel antibiofilm and antibacterial technique towards clinically related pathogens - Future News 24","og_description":"The development of multifunctional antimicrobial materials capable of targeting both planktonic bacteria and biofilm-associated infections remains a critical challenge in combating antimicrobial resistance. In this study, a novel piperazine-linked chitosan Schiff base (Cs-TPA-PiP) and its ionically crosslinked nanoparticle formulation (Cs-TPA-PiP NPs) were synthesized and structurally characterized. The antimicrobial potential of both Cs-TPA-PiP and Cs-TPA-PiP NPs was evaluated against a panel of nine standard clinically significant bacterial strains. The compounds demonstrated significant and broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values demonstrated potent efficacy, with Cs-TPA-PiP and its Cs-TPA-PiP NPs ranging from 0.63 to 2.50&nbsp;mg\/mL and 1.00–5.00&nbsp;mg\/mL, respectively. Notably, both agents exhibited a strong dose-dependent inhibitory effect on biofilm formation. While Cs-TPA-PiP showed lower MIC values against planktonic cells, the corresponding Cs-TPA-PiP NPs with an ultra-small spherical size of 15.6&nbsp;nm exhibited superior antibiofilm performance, ranging from 73.00% to 95.00% inhibition of biofilm biomass at 1× MIC in strong biofilm-producing strains. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed severe morphological alterations and membrane disruption in treated bacterial cells, consistent with a membrane-targeting mechanism. In silico molecular docking studies suggested that the compound has favorable binding affinity for the critical bacterial cell wall target, Sortase A, thereby identifying it as a potential theoretical target requiring further validation. Our findings collectively establish Cs-TPA-PiP and its Cs-TPA-PiP NPs as effective antibacterial and anti-biofilm candidates, with their activity primarily attributed to membrane disruption. The proposed role of Sortase A inhibition remains hypothetical and warrants further investigation. These findings highlight their potential as multifunctional antibacterial platforms for managing biofilm-associated and resistant bacterial infections.","og_url":"https:\/\/futurenews24.com\/index.php\/2026\/08\/06\/s41598-026-63745-z\/","og_site_name":"Future News 24","article_published_time":"2026-08-06T00:00:00+00:00","article_modified_time":"2026-08-06T12:59:09+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"https:\/\/media.springernature.com\/m685\/springer-static\/image\/art%3A10.1038%2Fs41598-026-63745-z\/MediaObjects\/41598_2026_63745_Fig1_HTML.png","type":"","width":"","height":""}],"author":"Future News 24","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_image":"https:\/\/media.springernature.com\/m685\/springer-static\/image\/art%3A10.1038%2Fs41598-026-63745-z\/MediaObjects\/41598_2026_63745_Fig1_HTML.png","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Future News 24","Est. reading time":"20 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/futurenews24.com\/index.php\/2026\/08\/06\/s41598-026-63745-z\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/futurenews24.com\/index.php\/2026\/08\/06\/s41598-026-63745-z\/"},"author":{"name":"Future News 24","@id":"https:\/\/futurenews24.com\/#\/schema\/person\/cecad1bde21cfc357cf70128144d6c83"},"headline":"Piperazine linked chitosan schiff base nanoparticles as a novel antibiofilm and antibacterial technique towards clinically related pathogens","datePublished":"2026-08-06T00:00:00+00:00","dateModified":"2026-08-06T12:59:09+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/futurenews24.com\/index.php\/2026\/08\/06\/s41598-026-63745-z\/"},"wordCount":3927,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/futurenews24.com\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/futurenews24.com\/index.php\/2026\/08\/06\/s41598-026-63745-z\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/media.springernature.com\/m685\/springer-static\/image\/art%3A10.1038%2Fs41598-026-63745-z\/MediaObjects\/41598_2026_63745_Fig1_HTML.png","keywords":["antibacterial","antibiofilm","Base","chitosan","clinically","Linked","nanoparticles","pathogens","Piperazine","relevant","schiff","Strategy"],"articleSection":["BioTechnology"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/futurenews24.com\/index.php\/2026\/08\/06\/s41598-026-63745-z\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/futurenews24.com\/index.php\/2026\/08\/06\/s41598-026-63745-z\/","url":"https:\/\/futurenews24.com\/index.php\/2026\/08\/06\/s41598-026-63745-z\/","name":"Piperazine linked chitosan schiff base nanoparticles as a novel antibiofilm and antibacterial technique towards clinically related pathogens - Future News 24","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/futurenews24.com\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/futurenews24.com\/index.php\/2026\/08\/06\/s41598-026-63745-z\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/futurenews24.com\/index.php\/2026\/08\/06\/s41598-026-63745-z\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/media.springernature.com\/m685\/springer-static\/image\/art%3A10.1038%2Fs41598-026-63745-z\/MediaObjects\/41598_2026_63745_Fig1_HTML.png","datePublished":"2026-08-06T00:00:00+00:00","dateModified":"2026-08-06T12:59:09+00:00","description":"The development of multifunctional antimicrobial materials capable of targeting both planktonic bacteria and biofilm-associated infections remains a critical challenge in combating antimicrobial resistance. In this study, a novel piperazine-linked chitosan Schiff base (Cs-TPA-PiP) and its ionically crosslinked nanoparticle formulation (Cs-TPA-PiP NPs) were synthesized and structurally characterized. The antimicrobial potential of both Cs-TPA-PiP and Cs-TPA-PiP NPs was evaluated against a panel of nine standard clinically significant bacterial strains. The compounds demonstrated significant and broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values demonstrated potent efficacy, with Cs-TPA-PiP and its Cs-TPA-PiP NPs ranging from 0.63 to 2.50&nbsp;mg\/mL and 1.00–5.00&nbsp;mg\/mL, respectively. Notably, both agents exhibited a strong dose-dependent inhibitory effect on biofilm formation. While Cs-TPA-PiP showed lower MIC values against planktonic cells, the corresponding Cs-TPA-PiP NPs with an ultra-small spherical size of 15.6&nbsp;nm exhibited superior antibiofilm performance, ranging from 73.00% to 95.00% inhibition of biofilm biomass at 1× MIC in strong biofilm-producing strains. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed severe morphological alterations and membrane disruption in treated bacterial cells, consistent with a membrane-targeting mechanism. In silico molecular docking studies suggested that the compound has favorable binding affinity for the critical bacterial cell wall target, Sortase A, thereby identifying it as a potential theoretical target requiring further validation. Our findings collectively establish Cs-TPA-PiP and its Cs-TPA-PiP NPs as effective antibacterial and anti-biofilm candidates, with their activity primarily attributed to membrane disruption. The proposed role of Sortase A inhibition remains hypothetical and warrants further investigation. These findings highlight their potential as multifunctional antibacterial platforms for managing biofilm-associated and resistant bacterial infections.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/futurenews24.com\/index.php\/2026\/08\/06\/s41598-026-63745-z\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/futurenews24.com\/index.php\/2026\/08\/06\/s41598-026-63745-z\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/futurenews24.com\/index.php\/2026\/08\/06\/s41598-026-63745-z\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/media.springernature.com\/m685\/springer-static\/image\/art%3A10.1038%2Fs41598-026-63745-z\/MediaObjects\/41598_2026_63745_Fig1_HTML.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/media.springernature.com\/m685\/springer-static\/image\/art%3A10.1038%2Fs41598-026-63745-z\/MediaObjects\/41598_2026_63745_Fig1_HTML.png"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/futurenews24.com\/index.php\/2026\/08\/06\/s41598-026-63745-z\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/futurenews24.com\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Piperazine linked chitosan schiff base nanoparticles as a novel antibiofilm and antibacterial technique towards clinically related pathogens"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/futurenews24.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/futurenews24.com\/","name":"Future News 24","description":"The Smart Hub for AI and Next-Gen Innovation","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/futurenews24.com\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/futurenews24.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/futurenews24.com\/#organization","name":"Future News 24","url":"https:\/\/futurenews24.com\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/futurenews24.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/futurenews24.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/fn24-favicon.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/futurenews24.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/fn24-favicon.png","width":250,"height":250,"caption":"Future News 24"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/futurenews24.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/futurenews24.com\/#\/schema\/person\/cecad1bde21cfc357cf70128144d6c83","name":"Future News 24","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/d57f07142d73cb5503ab2446ea7bc9ef3d0a5ba378d64a6157692311e42bf097?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/d57f07142d73cb5503ab2446ea7bc9ef3d0a5ba378d64a6157692311e42bf097?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/d57f07142d73cb5503ab2446ea7bc9ef3d0a5ba378d64a6157692311e42bf097?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Future News 24"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/futurenews24.com"],"url":"https:\/\/futurenews24.com\/index.php\/author\/mridulpahuja20\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/futurenews24.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3371","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/futurenews24.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/futurenews24.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/futurenews24.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/futurenews24.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3371"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/futurenews24.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3371\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3372,"href":"https:\/\/futurenews24.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3371\/revisions\/3372"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/futurenews24.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3373"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/futurenews24.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3371"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/futurenews24.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3371"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/futurenews24.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3371"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}